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Article: Manuka, Immunity and Cytokines

Manuka, Immunity and Cytokines

Manuka, Immunity and Cytokines

Recent research has indicated that Manuka honey may have a stimulating effect on the body's production of cytokines. Cytokines are signaling proteins that play a crucial role in the immune response, inflammation, and cell communication. Here’s a brief overview of how Manuka honey interacts with cytokine production:

Mechanism of Action

  1. Immune Modulation : Manuka honey has been shown to modulate the immune system by influencing the production of various cytokines. This can enhance the body's ability to respond to infections and inflammation.
  2. Cytokine Release : Studies suggest that components in Manuka honey, such as its phenolic compounds and methylglyoxal, may stimulate immune cells to produce cytokines. This can lead to an increased immune response, helping the body to fight off pathogens more effectively.
  3. Anti-Inflammatory Effects : While Manuka honey can stimulate cytokine production, it may also help regulate the inflammatory response. This dual action can be beneficial in managing conditions characterized by excessive inflammation.

Potential Benefits

  • Enhanced Immune Response : By stimulating cytokine production, Manuka honey may help bolster the immune system, making it more effective in combating infections.
  • Wound Healing : The ability of Manuka honey to modulate cytokine levels can contribute to its well-known wound healing properties, as cytokines play a role in tissue repair and regeneration.
  • Anti-Microbial Activity : The stimulation of cytokines can also enhance the body’s natural defenses against microbial infections, complementing the direct antibacterial properties of Manuka honey.


The research into Manuka honey's effects on cytokine production is promising and suggests that it may serve as a natural adjunct in supporting immune function and managing inflammation. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved and to establish specific clinical applications.

  1. Tonks, A., Cooper, R. A., Jones, K. P., Blair, S., Parton, J., & Tonks, A. (2003) . "Honey stimulates inflammatory cytokine production from monocytes." Cytokine , 21(3), 242-247.
    • This study explores how honey, including Manuka honey, can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines from immune cells.
    • Link to study
  2. Majtan, J., Kumar, P., Majtan, T., Walls, A. F., & Klaudiny, J. (2010) . "Effect of honey and its major royal jelly protein 1 on cytokine and MMP-9 mRNA transcripts in human keratinocytes." Experimental Dermatology , 19(1), e73-e79.
    • This research discusses the effects of honey on cytokine production and its implications for wound healing.
    • Link to study
  3. Gannabathula, S., Skinner, M. A., Rosendale, D., et al. (2019) . "Arabian galactan proteins contribute to the immunostimulatory properties of New Zealand honeys." Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology .
    • This study highlights the immunomodulatory effects of components found in New Zealand honeys, including Manuka honey.
    • Link to study
  4. Alvarez-Suarez, J. M., et al. (2014) . "Manuka honey: A comprehensive review of its biological properties." Journal of Medicinal Food , 17(12), 1-10.
    • This review discusses the various biological properties of Manuka honey, including its effects on the immune system and cytokine production.
    • Link to study

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